tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-41128235133351079682024-03-13T10:18:02.619-07:00Hindu Marriage Registration / Divorce Law - हिन्दू विवाह कानून - Ozg Lawyers, MumbaiUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-50239027445594055952022-06-23T18:37:00.001-07:002022-06-23T18:39:35.712-07:00⛔ Restitution of Conjugal Rights<div><br></div><div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">WhatsApp Chat 📲 <a data-original-attrs="{"data-original-href":"http://wa.me/918779696580"}" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/753337695102390476/7336246407261247736#">WA.me/918779696580</a></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">According to experts at Ozg Center, conjugal rights can be defined the rights, especially to sexual relations, regarded as exercisable in law by each partner in a marriage. This makes sure that you are giving each other the status of spouse in the true sense.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal;"><div class="separator" style="text-align: center;"><a data-original-attrs="{"data-original-href":"https://www.ozglaw.com/appointment"}" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/753337695102390476/7336246407261247736#"><img border="0" height="740" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-ju7eQGSK0jQ/YrUFDJE0PMI/AAAAAAAAXaw/38MAD6VMhaguQA2JpZxK62WIwjOhgunzwCNcBGAsYHQ/w487-h640/1656030472503600-0.png" width="540" style="cursor: move;"></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br></div></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">When your spouse denies you your conjugal rights, you can seek legal help by claiming the restitution of your conjugal rights. If the court is satisfied that there is no legal ground to refuse the application and based on the veracity of the statements in the petition, may pass a decree for restitution of conjugal rights.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">⛔ To discuss your case, you can schedule your Tele-Appointment with Ozg Lawyers to save your precious time and hard-earned money in court cases and matrimonial disputes-related matters.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Tele-Appointment Fee: ₹3780 </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Link ☎️ <a data-original-attrs="{"data-original-href":"http://ozglaw.com/appointment"}" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/753337695102390476/7336246407261247736#">ozglaw.com/appointment</a></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Support ✉️ <a data-original-attrs="{"data-original-href":"mailto:ask@ozgian.com"}" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/753337695102390476/7336246407261247736#">ask@ozgian.com</a> </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">There are various sections providing different provisions for restitution of conjugal rights such as:</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><b>Section 9</b> in Hindu Marriage Act, 1955</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><b>Section 22 </b>in Special Marriage Act, 1954</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><b>Section 32</b> in Indian Divorce Act, 1869</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">⛔ <b>Reasonable Cause - </b></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">The burden of proof in this matter is two-fold. The husband has to prove that the wife has been denying him all the marital rights & has withdrawn from his society without any major reason. On the other hand, the wife has to show such proofs that show the actual valid reason for the withdrawal such as any matrimonial misconduct that made it impossible for her to continue to live with him. If she fails to do so, the court will pass a decree to restitute the conjugal rights of the husband. If the wife is able to prove any valid ground then the petition would be dismissed.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">⛔ <b>What does withdrawal from society means?</b></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">There is withdrawal from society when one among the spouses, without reasonable excuse, terminates an existing relationship with the intention of leaving the other and permanently or indefinitely abandoning such relationship. Withdrawal from the society not always necessarily means complete desertion or living separately, it also means withdrawal from sexual intercourse, non-cooperation in the performance of marital obligations.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">⛔ To discuss your case, you can schedule your Tele-Appointment Ozg Lawyers to save your precious time and hard-earned money in court cases and matrimonial disputes-related matters.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Tele-Appointment Fee: ₹3780 </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Link ☎️ <a data-original-attrs="{"data-original-href":"http://ozglaw.com/appointment"}" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/753337695102390476/7336246407261247736#">ozglaw.com/appointment</a></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Support ✉️ <a data-original-attrs="{"data-original-href":"mailto:ask@ozgian.com"}" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/753337695102390476/7336246407261247736#">ask@ozgian.com</a> </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">⛔ <b>Procedure for The Restitution of Conjugal Rights - </b></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">📌 1) In this case, if you are the aggrieved party, the husband, files a petition in the district court. This can be transferred by application to the High Court or Supreme Court as well, according to the severity of the case or requirement.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">📌 2) After the filing of the petition, a copy of the petition is sent to the respondent-wife along with the date of hearing from the district court. </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">📌 3) Both parties have to be present on the date of the hearing. If both parties are not present, the court gives another date.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">📌 4) The next step is counseling/mediation sent by the court. It is done by the family court, as provided in the Family Courts Act. This takes approximately 4 months.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">⛔ <b>What happens in Counseling?</b></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Once the parties are sent to counseling, they need to appear before a counselor. The counselor may be someone who has been appointed by the court. Counseling takes place on 2-3 dates with a gap of 2-3 weeks between two dates. Here, both parties are given a chance to present their versions of the facts, and the counselor tries to come to an understanding. In the end, the counselor offers advice. This may sort out the differences to go back to the husband, or to go for a divorce by mutual consent. You can message us at #Ozgian 24/7 - online support desk to learn about its eligibility criteria, timing, cost, and procedures), if the parties agree, it will imply that the purpose of counseling/ mediation has succeeded, and the suit can be dropped. However, if the parties refuse to proceed according to the suggestions of the counselor, the counselor will forward the application back to court on grounds that mediation has failed.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">WhatsApp Chat 📲 <a data-original-attrs="{"data-original-href":"http://wa.me/918779696580"}" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/753337695102390476/7336246407261247736#">WA.me/918779696580</a></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">📌 5) Once the application is back in court, the suit will continue, and the respondent-wife is required to give her ‘counter’ to the husband’s application. Oral arguments will proceed to dispose of the interim petitions first and pass the interim order.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">📌 6) The husband has to file a Chief Examination Affidavit for producing evidence that the wife has left him, which will result in cross-examination.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">📌 7) Final arguments take place next, where both the parties represent their version of facts and ultimately pray for relief from the Judge. Based on the counseling, statements made, and the conduct of the parties, the judge accordingly grants the decree.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">⛔ <i><b>What do our clients say?</b></i></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">"I received a call from Ozg Lawyers and my problem get sorted out! I couldn't believe it - my legal plan just saved me from a huge loss." </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Simply, WhatsApp / Email / Call to connect with us.</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Appointment Link:</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><a data-original-attrs="{"data-original-href":"http://ozglaw.com/appointment"}" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/753337695102390476/7336246407261247736#">ozglaw.com/appointment</a></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Case Winning Doc:</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><b>Ozg Documentation Centre</b></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Support:</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><b>Ozgian 24x7</b></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">Litigation:</div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><b>Ozg Lawyers</b> </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">#ozgdocumentationcentre #ozgindia #ozglaw #stalking #revengeporn #sexlessmarriage #mutualdivorce #divorceadvice #divorceproblemsolution #divorces #hindumarriageact #dvcase #Sec498a #Sec377 #divorcelawyer #ozglawyer #ozgadvocate #alimony #HinduMarriage #unnaturalsex #ozglegal #crpc125 #domesticabuse #nosexdivorce #domesticviolence #sec354 #legalnotice </div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;"><br></div><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: justify;">WhatsApp Chat 📲 <a data-original-attrs="{"data-original-href":"http://wa.me/918779696580"}" href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/753337695102390476/7336246407261247736#">WA.me/918779696580</a></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-56514092006089142042018-06-07T14:24:00.003-07:002018-06-07T14:24:45.462-07:00Maharashtra Separate Law for Buddhist Marriages<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The state government has come up with a draft of the proposed Boudha
(Buddhist) Marriage Act 2017, which lays down the process to be followed
by the Buddhist community while solemnising marriages with its own
traditional rituals. The draft, however, does not touch upon divorce,
maintenance and property issues, and there is no clarity on inter-caste
marriages either. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The community has been demanding such an act since 1957, after Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar
converted to the faith on October 14, 1956 in Nagpur. The demand got a
push after the marriage of a Buddhist couple done with Buddhist rituals,
which was challenged in the Bombay high court (Nagpur bench), was held
invalid in 1972. “Two other cases also created doubts in the minds of
people about the validity of marriages performed with Buddhist rituals.
So the demand was made that either the Hindu Marriage Act should be
amended or a new act drafted,” an official said.
</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-12241926594782379052017-11-15T06:46:00.001-08:002017-11-15T06:48:54.675-08:00Andaman and Nicobar Islands Anand Marriages Registration Rules 2017<div class="field field-name-field-city field-type-text field-label-hidden" style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="field-item even">
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">In
a welcome step, the UT administration has notified the Andaman and
Nicobar Islands Anand Marriages Registration Rules 2017 to allow
registration of marriages in the Sikh community under the Anand Marriage
Act instead of the Hindu Marriage Act. As per the rules, The Lt.
Governor, by a notification in the official gazette, can authorise a
District Registrar or a Registrar of Marriages for the areas specified
in the notification for registration of Anand Marriages, commonly known
as Anand Karaj, solemnized with the Union Territory of Andaman and
Nicobar Islands. </span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="field-items">
<div class="field-item even">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
For the purpose of registration, parties will be required to prepare a
memorandum in duplicate in the prescribed form and submit it to the
Registrar along with documents to prove the solemnization of marriage
along with a fee of Rs 50 within 30 days from the date of marriage. For
registration of marriages solemnized before the notification of the
rules, parties will have to submit the memorandum within a period of one
year from the date of commencement of the regulations. The memorandum
will have to be signed by both the parties to the marriage along with
signatures of two witnesses. Parties who don’t register such marriages
within the specified period will have to apply by submitting the
memorandum to the Registrar in Form II and a Declaration in Form II
attested by a Gazetted Officer, Member of Parliament, Member of Local
Self Government Institutions or Notary.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
To remove doubts as to the validity of the marriage ceremony common
among the Sikhs called Anand, the Anand Marriage Act 1909 (7 of 1909)
was enacted in 1909 which was subsequently amended vide Anand Marriage
(Amendment) Bill, 2012, in the year 2012. Parties to the marriage, whose
marriage has been registered under the Act, shall not be required to
get their marriage registered under any other law in force. According to
report, the Sikh community across the country have been facing problems
abroad because while they identify themselves as Sikhs, their marriages
are registered under the Hindu Marriage Act.</span></span><br />
<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-84495663636393061972015-08-13T01:49:00.000-07:002015-08-13T01:49:13.325-07:00Hindu Marriage Act - 1955<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> The following is a summary of the Hindu Marriage Act 1955, which
aims to allow a reader to understand the key points within the Act
without having to read the Act itself.<br /> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Introduction -</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> India,
being a cosmopolitan country, allows each citizen to be governed under
personal laws relevant to religious views. This extends to personal laws
inter alia in the matter of marriage and divorce.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> As part of the
Hindu Code Bill, the Hindu Marriage Act was enacted by Parliament in
1955 to amend and to codify marriage law between Hindus. As well as
regulating the institution of marriage (including validity of marriage
and conditions for invalidity), it also regulates other aspects of
personal life among Hindusand the applicabilityof such lives in wider
Indian society.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> The Hindu Marriage Act provides guidance for
Hindus to be in a systematic marriage bond. It gives meaning to
marriage, cohabiting rights for both the bride and groom, and a safety
for their family and children so that they do not suffer from their
parental issues.<br /> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Applicability</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> The Act applies to all forms
of Hinduism (for example, to a person who is a Virashaiva, a Lingayat or
a follower of the Brahmo, Prarthana or AryaSamam) and also recognises
offshoots of the Hindu religion as specified in Article 44 of the Indian
Constitution. Notably, these include Jains and Buddhists. The Act also
applies to anyone who is a permanent resident in the India who is not
Muslim, Jew, Christian, or Parsi by religion.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Although the Act
originally applied to Sikhs as well, the AnandKarj Marriage Act gives
Sikhs their own personal law related to marriage.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Although the
Act originally did not apply to citizens in the State of Jammu and
Kashmir, the effect of the J&K Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 made it
applicable.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><br /> Conditions for marriage -</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Section 5 of The Hindu
Marriage Act specifies that conditions must be met for a marriage to be
able to take place. If a ceremony takes place, but the conditions are
not met, the marriage is either void by default, or voidable.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /> <b>Void marriages -</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> A marriage may be declared void if it contravenes any of the following:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Either party is under age.The bridegroom should be of 21 years of age and the bride of 18 years.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
Either party is not of a Hindu religion.Both the bridegroom and the
bride should be of the Hindu religion at the time of marriage.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
Either party is already married. The Act expressively prohibits
polygamy. A marriage can only be solemnized if neither party has a
living spouse at the time of marriage.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /> The parties are sapindas or within the degree of prohibited relationship.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> <b>Voidable marriages</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> A marriage may later be voidable (annulled) if it contravenes any of the following:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Either party is impotent, unable to consummate the marriage, or otherwise unfit for the procreation of children.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
One party did not willingly consent. In order to consent, both
parties must be sound of mind and capable of understanding the
implications of marriage. If either party suffers from a mental disorder
or recurrent attacks of insanity or epilepsy, then that may indicate
that consent was not (or could not be) given. Likewise, if consent was
forced or obtained fraudulently, then the marriage may be voidable.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /> The bride was pregnant by another man other then the bridegroom at the time of the marriage.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> <b>Ceremonies</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Section 7 of the Hindu Marriage Act recognises that there may be
different, but equally valid ceremonies and customs of marriage. As
such, Hindu marriage may be solemnized in accordance with the customary
rites and ceremonies of either the bride or the groom. These rites and
ceremonies include the Saptapadi and Kreva.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /> <b>Registering a marriage</b></span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> A marriage cannot be registered unless the following conditions are fulfilled:</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> a ceremony of marriage has been performed; and<br /> the parties have been living together as husband and wife</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Additionally,the parties must have been residing within the district of
the Marriage Officer for a period of not less than thirty days
immediately preceding the date on which the application is made to him
for registration.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 8 of the Hindu Marriage Act
allowsastate government to make rules for the registration of Hindu
marriages particular to that state, particularly with respect to
recording the particulars of marriage as may be prescribed in the Hindu
Marriage Register.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Registration provides written evidenceof
marriage. As such, the Hindu Marriage Register should be open for
inspection at all reasonable times (allowing anyone to obtain proof of
marriage) and should be admissible as evidence in a court of law.<br /> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Divorce</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Although marriage is held to be divine, the Hindu Marriage Act does
permit either party to divorce on the grounds of unhappiness, or if he
or she can prove that the marriage is no longer tenable.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">A
petition for divorce usually can only be filed one year after
registration. However, in certain cases of suffering by the petitioner
or mental instability of the respondent, a court may allow a petition to
be presented beforeone year.<br /> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Grounds for divorce</span></b></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> A marriage may be dissolved by a court order on the following grounds:</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Cruelty - the respondent has physically or mentally abused the petitioner.</span><br /><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Desertion - the respondent has deserted the petitioner for a continuous period of not less than two years.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Conversion to another religion - the respondent has ceased to be a Hindu and has taken another religion.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Unsound mind - the respondent has been diagnosed since the marriage
ceremony as being unsound of mind to such an extent that normal married
life is not possible.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Disease - the respondent been diagnosed with an incurable form of leprosy or has venereal disease in acommunicable form.</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Adultery - the respondent has had voluntary sexual intercourse with
a man or a woman other than the spouse after the marriage.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Presumption of death - the respondent has not been seen alive for seven years or more.<br /> No resumption of cohabitation after a decree of judicial separation for a period of at least one year.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> In addition, a wife may also seek a divorce on the grounds that:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
In case of marriagesthat took place before the Hindu Marriage Act
1955 was enacted, the husband was already married and that any other
wife of thehusband was alive at the time of the marriage ceremony.<br /> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">The husband, after marriage, has been found guilty of rape, sodomy or bestiality.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br />
Co-habitation has not been resumed within a yearafter an order for
maintenance under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code or
alternatively, under the Hindu Adoptions & Maintenance Act 1956.<br /> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">The wife was under-age when she married and she repudiates the marriage before attaining the age of 18 years.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Alimonies (permanent maintenance)</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">At the time of the decree of divorce or at any subsequent time, the
court may decide that one party should pay to the other an amount for
maintenance and support. This could be a one off payment, or a
periodical (such as monthly) payment. The amount to be paid is at the
discretion of the court.<br /> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Remarriage </span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Remarriage is possible
once a marriage has been dissolved by a decree of divorce and no longer
able to be appealed (whether there was no right of appeal in the first
place, or whether the time for appealing has expired, or whether an
appeal has been presented but dismissed).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span><b>Ozg Experts & Lawyers</b></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-58741469056773466832015-08-13T01:27:00.002-07:002015-08-13T01:39:25.700-07:00The Special Marriage Act - 1954<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">
</span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span><b>Ozg Experts & Lawyers</b></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(Act No.43 of 1954)[9th October 1954]</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
An Act to provide a special form of marriage in certain cases, for the
registration of such and certain other marriages and for divorce. Be it
enacted by Parliament in the Fifth Year of the Republic of India as
follows:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 1. Short title, extent and commencement- (1) This Act may be called the Special Marriage Act, 1954.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(2) It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and
Kashmir, and applies also to citizens of India domiciled in the
territories to which the Act extends who are in the State of Jammu and
Kashmir.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (3) It shall come into force on such date, i.e.1st
January, 1955 as the Central Government may, by notification in the
Official Gazette, appoint.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 2. Definitions- In this Act, unless the context otherwise, requires,-<br /> (a) (* * * *) Omitted <br />
(b) "degrees of prohibited relationship" - a man and any of the persons
mentioned in Part I of the First Schedule and a woman and any of the
persons mentioned in Part II of the said Schedules are within the
degrees of prohibited relationship.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Explanation I.- Relationship includes,-<br /> a) relationship by half or uterine blood as well as by full blood:<br /> b) illegitimate blood relationship as well as legitimate;<br /> c) relationship by adoption as well as by blood;<br /> and all terms of relationship in this Act shall be construed accordingly.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Explanation II.- "Full blood" and "half blood"- two persons are said to
be related to each other by full blood when they are descended from a
common ancestor by the same wife and by half blood when they are
descended from a common ancestor but by different wives.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Explanation III.- "Uterine blood"- two persons are said to be related to
each other by uterine blood when they are descended from a common
ancestress but by different husbands.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Explanation IV.-In Explns. II and III. "ancestor" includes the father and "ancestress" the mother;</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(d) "district", in relation to a Marriage Officer, means the area for
which he is appointed as such under sub-section (1) or sub-section (2)
of Sec.3;</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (e) "District Court" means, in any area for which there
is a City Civil Court, and in any other area, the principal Civil Court
of original jurisdiction, and includes any other Civil Court which may
be specified by the State Government by notification in the Official
Gazette as having jurisdiction in respect of the matters dealt with in
this Act:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (f) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act;</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /> (g) "State Government", in relation to a Union territory, means the Administrator thereof.<br /> Solemnization of Special Marriages</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /> 4. Conditions relating to solemnization of special marriage.-<br />
Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being
in force relating to the solemnization of marriages, a marriage between
any two persons may be solemnized under this Act, if at the time of the
marriage the following conditions are fulfilled namely:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (a) Neither party has a spouse living:<br /> (b) neither party-<br /> (i) is incapable of giving a valid consent to it in consequence of unsoundness of mind, or<br />
(ii) though capable of giving a valid consent, has been suffering from
mental disorder of such a kind or to such an extent as to be unfit for
marriage and the procreation of children; or<br /> (iii) has been subject to recurrent attacks of insanity or epilepsy;<br /> (c) the male has completed the age of twenty-one years and the female the age of eighteen years;<br /> (d) the parties are not within the degrees of prohibited relationship:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Provided that where a custom governing at least one of the parties
permits of a marriage between them, such marriage may be solemnized,
notwithstanding that they are within the degrees of prohibited
relationship: and<br /> (e) where the marriage is solemnized in the State
of Jammu and Kashmir, both parties are citizens of India domiciled in
the territories to which this Act extends.<br /> Explanation- In this
section, "customs, in relation to a person belonging to any tribe,
community, group or family, means any rule which the State Government
may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf as
applicable to members of that tribe, community, group or family:<br />
Provided that no such notification shall be issued in relation to the
members of any tribes, community, group or family, unless the State
Government is satisfied-</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (i) that such rule has been continuously and uniformly observed for a long time among those members;<br /> (ii) that such rule is certain and not unreasonable or opposed to public policy; and<br /> (iii) that such rule is applicable only to a family, has not been discontinued by the family.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 5. Notices of intended marriage<br />
When a marriage is intended to be solemnized under this Act, the
parties of the marriage shall give notice thereof in writing in the Form
specified in the Second Schedule to the Marriage Officer of the
district in which at least one of the parties to the marriage has
resided for a period of not less than thirty days immediately preceding
the date on which such notice is given.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 6. Marriage Notice Book and publication<br />
(1) The Marriage Officer shall keep all notices given under Sec. 5 with
the records of his office and shall also forthwith enter a true copy of
every such notice in a book prescribed for that purpose, to be called
the Marriage Notice Book, and such book shall be open for inspection at
all reasonable times, without fee, by any person desirous of inspecting
the same.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) The Marriage Officer shall cause every such notice
to be published by affixing a copy thereof to some conspicuous place in
his office.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (3) Where either of the parties to an intended
marriage is not permanently residing within the local limits of the
district of the Marriage Officer to whom the notice has been given under
Sec. 5, the Marriage Officer shall also cause a copy of such notice to
be transmitted to the Marriage Officer of the district within whose
limits such party is permanently residing, and that Marriage Officer
shall thereupon cause a copy thereof to be affixed to some conspicuous
place in his office.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 7. Objection to marriage<br /> (1) Any
person may, before the expiration of thirty days from the date on which
any such notice has been published under sub-section (2) of Sec. 6,
object to the marriage on the ground that it would contravene one or
more of the conditions specified in Sec.4.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2)After the
expiration of thirty days from the date on which notice of an intended
marriage has been published under sub-section (2) of Sec. 6, the
marriage may be solemnized, unless it has been previously objected to
under sub-section (1).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (3) The nature of the objection shall be
recorded in writing by the Marriage Officer in the Marriage Notice Book,
be read over and explained if necessary, to the person making the
objection and shall be signed by him or on his behalf.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">8.
Procedure on receipt of objection.- If an objection is made under Sec. 7
to an intended marriage the Marriage Officer shall not solemnize the
marriage until he has inquired into the matter of the objection and is
satisfied that it ought not to prevent the solemnization of the marriage
or the objection is withdraw by the person making it; but the Marriage
Officer shall not take more than thirty days from the date of the
objection for the purpose of inquiring into the matter of the objection
and arriving at a decision.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(2) If the Marriage Officer upholds
the objection and refuses to solemnize the marriage, either party to the
intended marriage may, within a period of thirty days from the date of
such refusal, prefer an appeal to the District Court within the local
limits of whose jurisdiction the Marriage Officer has his office, and
the decision of the District Court on such appeal shall be final, and
the Marriage Officer shall act in conformity with the decision of the
Court.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">9. Powers of Marriage Officers in respect of inquiries.-
(1)For the purpose of any inquiry under Sec.8, the Marriage Officer
shall have all the powers vested in a Civil Court under the Code of
Civil Procedure, 1908(5 of 1908), when trying a suit in respect of the
following matters, namely:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of witnesses and examining them on oath;<br /> (b) discovery and inspection;<br /> (c) compelling the production of documents;<br /> (d) reception of evidence on affidavits; and<br />
(e) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses;and any
proceeding before the Marriage Officer shall be deemed to be a judicial
proceeding within the meaning of Sec.193 of the Indian Penal Code(45 of
1960).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">2) If it appears to the Marriage Officer that the
objection made to an intended marriage is not reasonable and has not
been made in good faith he may impose on the person objecting costs, by
way of compensation not exceeding one thousand rupees, and award the
whole, or any part thereof to the parties to the intended marriage, and
any order of costs so made may be executed in the same manner as a
decree passed by the District Court within the local limits of whose
jurisdiction the Marriage Officer has his office. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 10. Procedure on receipt of objection by Marriage Officer abroad<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Where an objection is made under Sec.7 to a Marriage Officer in the
State of Jammu and Kashmir in respect of an intended marriage in the
State and the Marriage Officer, after making such inquiry into the
matter as he thinks fit, entertains a doubt in respect thereof, he shall
not solemnize the marriage but shall transmit the record with such
statement respecting the matter as he thinks fit to the Central
Government, and the Central Government, after making such inquiry into
the matter and after obtaining such advice as it thinks fit, shall give
its decision thereon in writing to the Marriage Officer shall act in
conformity with the decision of the Central Government. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">11.
Declaration by parties and witnesses.- Before the marriage is solemnized
the parties and three witnesses shall, in the presence of the Marriage
Officer, sign a declaration in the Form specified in the Third Schedule
to this Act, and the declaration shall be countersigned by the Marriage
Officer.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">12. Place and form of solemnization.- (1) The marriage
may be solemnized at the office of the Marriage Officer or at such other
place within a reasonable distance therefrom as the parties may desire,
and upon such conditions and the payments of such additional fees as
may be prescribed.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">2) The marriage may be solemnized in any form which the parties may choose to adopt:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Provided that it shall not be complete and binding on the parties
unless each party says to the other in the presence of the Marriage
Officer and the three witnessess and in any language understood by the
parties,- "I (A) take thee (B), to be my lawful wife (or husband)".</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 13. Certificate of marriage<br />
(1) When the marriage has been solemnized the Marriage Officer shall
enter a certificate thereof in the Form specified in the Fourth Schedule
in a book to be kept by him for that purpose and to be called the
Marriage Certificate Book and such certificate shall be signed by the
parties to the marriage and the three witnesses.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) On a
certificate being entered in the Marriage Certificate Book by the
Marriage Officer, the certificate shall be deemed to be conclusive
evidence of the fact that a marriage under this Act has been solemnized
and that all formalities respecting the signatures of witnesses have
been complied with.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">14. New notice when marriage not solemnized
within three months.-Whenever a marriage is not solemnized within three
calender months from the date on which notice thereof has been given to
the Marriage Officer as required by Sec. 5 or where an appeal has been
filed under sub-section (2) of Sec.8, within three months from the date
of the decision of the District Court on such appeal or where the record
of a case has been transmitted to the Central Government under Sec.10,
within three months from the date of decision of the Central Government,
the notice and all other proceedings arising therefrom shall be deemed
to have lapsed, and no marriage Officer shall solemnize the marriage
until a new notice has been given in the manner laid down in this Act.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">CHAPTER III<br /> Registration of Marriage Celebrated in other forms<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">15. Registration of marriages celebrated in other forms.-<br />
Any marriage celebrated, whether before or after the commencement of
this Act, other than a marriage solemnized under the Special Marriage
Act, 1872 or under this Act, may be registered under this Chapter by a
Marriage Officer in the territories to which this Act extends if the
following conditions are fulfilled, namely:<br /> (a) a ceremony of
marriage has been performed between the parties and they have been
living together as husband and wife ever since<br /> (b) neither party has at the time of registration more than one spouse living;<br /> (c) neither party is an idiot or a lunatic at the time of registration:<br /> (d) the parties have completed the age of twenty-one year at the time of registration;<br /> (e) the parties are not within the degrees of prohibited relationship:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Provided that in case of a marriage celebrated before the commencement
of this Act, this condition shall be subject to any law, custom or usage
having the force of law governing each of them which permits of a
marriage between the two; and</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (f) the parties have been residing
within the district of the Marriage Officer for a period of not less
than thirty days immediately preceding the date on which the application
is made to him for registration of the marriage.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">16. Procedure
for registration.- Upon receipt of an application signed by both the
parties to the marriage for the registration of their under this
chapter, the Marriage Officer shall give public notice thereof in such
manner as may be prescribed and after allowing a period of thirty days
for objection and after hearing any objection received within that
period, shall, if satisfied that all the conditions mentioned in Sec. 15
are fulfilled, enter a certificate of the marriage in the Marriage
Certificate Book in the Form specified in the Fifth Schedule and such
certificate shall be signed by the parties to the marriage and by three
witnesses.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">17. Appeals from orders under Sec. 16.- Any person
aggrieved by any order of a Marriage Officer refusing to register a
marriage under this Chapter may, within thirty days from the date of
order, appeal against that order to the District Court within the local
limits of whose jurisdiction the Marriage Officer has his office, and
the decision of the District Court on such appeal shall be final, and
the Marriage Officer to whom the application was made shall act in
conformity with such decision.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 18. Effect of registration of marriage under this Chapter<br />
Subject to the provisions contained in sub-section (2) of Sec.24 where a
certificate of marriage has been finally entered in the Marriage
Certificate Book under this Chapter, the marriage shall, as from the
date of such entry, be deemed to be a marriage solemnized under this
Act, and all children born after the date of the ceremony of marriage
(whose names shall also be entered in the Marriage Certificate Book)
shall in all respects be deemed to be and always to have been the
legitimate children of their parents:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Provided that nothing
contained in this section shall be construed as conferring upon any such
children any rights in or to the property of any person other than
their parents in any case where, but for the passing of this Act, such
children would have been incapable of possessing or acquiring any such
rights by reason of their not being the legitimate children of their
parents.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">CHAPTER IV<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Consequences of Marriage under this Act<br /> Section 19. Effect of marriage on member of undivided family<br />
The marriage solemnized under this Act of any member of an undivided
family who professes the Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh or Jaina religion shall
be deemed to effect his severance from such family.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 20. Rights and disabilities not affected by Act<br />
Subject to the provisions of Sec. 19, any person whose marriage is
solemnized under this Act, shall have the same rights and shall be
subject to the same disabilities in regard to the right of succession to
any property as a person to whom the Caste Disabilities Removal Act,
1850 (21 of 1850), applies.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 21. Succession to property of parties married under Act<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Notwithstanding any restrictions contained in the Indian Succession
Act,1925 (39 of 1925), with respect to its application to members of
certain communities, succession to the property of any person whose
marriage is solemnized under this Act and to the property of the issue
of such marriage shall be regulated by the provisions of the said Act
and for the purposes of this section that Act shall have effect as if
Chapter III of Part V (Special Rules for Parsi Intestates) had been
omitted therefrom.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">21-A. Special provision in certain cases .-
Where the marriage is solemnized under this Act of any person who
professes the Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh or Jain religion with a person who
professes the Hindu, Buddhish, Sikh or Jain religion. Secs. 19 and 21
shall not apply and so much of Sec. 20 as creates a disability shall
also not apply.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">CHAPTER V<br /> Restitution of Conjugal Rights and Judicial Separation<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">22. Restitution of conjugal rights.- When either the husband or the
wife has, without reasonable excuse, withdrawn from the society of the
other the aggrieved party may apply by petition to the District Court
for restitution of conjugal rights, and the Court, on being satisfied of
the truth of the statements made in such petition, and that there is no
legal ground why the application should not be granted, may decree
restitution of conjugal rights accordingly.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Explanation- Where a
question arises whether there has been reasonable excuse for withdrawal
from the society, the burden of proving reasonable excuse shall be on
the person who has withdrawn from the society.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">23. Judicial
separation.-(1) A Petition for judicial separation may be presented to
the District Court either by the husband or the wife.-</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (a) on any
of the grounds specified in sub-section (1) and sub-section (1-A) of
Sec. 27 on which a petition for divorce might have been presented;or</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(b) on the grounds of failure to comply with a decree for restitution
of conjugal rights and the Court, on being satisfied of the truth of the
statements made in such petition, and that there is no legal ground why
the application should not be granted, may decree judicial separation
accordingly.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(2) Where the Court grants a decree for judicial
separation, it shall be no longer obligatory for the petitioner to
cohabit with the respondent, but the Court may, on the application by
petition of either party and on being satisfied of the truth of the
statements made in such petition rescind the decree if it considers it
just and reasonable to do so.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">CHAPTER VI<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Nullity of Marriage and Divorce<br /> Section 24. Void marriages<br />
(1) Any marriage solemnized under this Act shall be null and void (and
may, on a petition presented by either party thereto against the other
party, be so declared) by a decree of nullity if-</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (i) any of the conditions specified in Cls.(a),(b), (c) and (d) of Sec. 4 has not been fulfilled : or</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (ii) the respondent was impotent at the time of the marriage and at the time of the institution of the suit.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(2) Nothing contained in this section shall apply to any marriage
deemed to be solemnized under the Act within the meaning of Sec. 18, but
the registration of any such marriage under Chapter III may be declared
to be of no effect if the registration was in contravention of any of
the conditions specified in Cls.(a) to (e) of Sec. 15:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Provided
that no such declaration shall be made in any case where an appeal has
been preferred under Sec.17 and the decision of the District Court has
become final.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Section 25. Voidable marriages<br /> Any marriage solemnized under this Act shall be voidable and may be annulled by a decree of nullity, if-</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (i) the marriage has not been consummated owing to the wilful refusal of the respondent to consummate the marriage ;or</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (ii) the respondent was at the time of the marriage pregnant by some person other than the petitioner; or</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(iii) the consent of either party to the marriage was obtained by
coercion or fraud, as defined in the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (9 of
1872):</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Provided that in the case specified in Cl.(ii) the Court shall not grant a decree unless it is satisfied-</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (a) that the petitioner was at the time of the marriage ignorant of the facts alleged;</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (b) that proceedings were instituted within a year from the date of the marriage; and</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(c) the marital intercourse with the consent of the petitioner has not
taken place since the discovery by the petitioner of existence of the
grounds a decree : </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Provided further that in the case specified in Cl.(iii), the Court shall not grant a decree if,-</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(a) proceedings have not been instituted within one year after the
coercion had ceased or, as the case may be, the fraud had been
discovered; or</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (b) the petitioner has with his or her free
consent lived with the other party to the marriage as husband and wife
after the coercion had ceased or as the case may be, the fraud had been
discovered.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 26. Legitimacy of children of void and voidable marriages<br />
(1) Notwithstanding that a marriage is null and void under Sec. 24, any
child of such marriage who would have been legitimate if the marriage
had been valid, shall be legitimate, whether such child is born before
or after the commencement of the Marriage Laws(Amendment) Act, 1976, and
whether or not a decree of nullity is granted in respect of that
marriage under this Act and whether or not the marriage is held to be
void otherwise than on a petition under this Act.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(2) Where a
decree of nullity is granted in respect of a voidable marriage under
Sec.25, any child begotten or conceived before the decree is made, who
would have been the legitimate child of the parties to the marriage if
at the date of the decree it has been dissolved instead of being
annulled, shall be deemed to be their legitimate child notwithstanding
the decree of nullity.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(3) Nothing contained in sub-section (1)
or sub-section (2) shall be construed as conferring upon any child of a
marriage which is null and void or which is annulled by a decree of
nullity under Sec. 25, any rights in or to the property of any person,
other than the parents, in any case, where, but for the passing of this
Act, such child would have been incapable of possessing or requiring any
such rights by reason of his not being the legitimate child of his
parents.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 27. Divorce<br /> (1) Subject to the provisions of
this Act and to the rules made thereunder, a petition for divorce may
be presented to the District Court either by the husband or the wife on
the ground that the respondent-<br /> (a) has, after the solemnization of
the marriage had voluntary sexual intercourse with any person other than
his or her spouse; or<br /> (b) has deserted the petitioner for a
continuous period of not less than two years immediately proceeding the
presentation of the petition; or<br /> (c) is undergoing a sentence of
imprisonment for seven years or more for an offence as defined in the
Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860); or<br /> (d) has since the solemnization of the marriage treated the petitioner with cruelty; or<br />
(e) has been incurably of unsound mind, or has been suffering
continuously or intermittently from mental disorder of such a kind, and
to such an extent that the petitioner cannot reasonably be expected to
live with the respondent.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Explanation- In this Clause- <br /> (a)
the expression "mental disorder" means mental illness, arrested or
incomplete development of mind, psychopathic disorder or any other
disorder or disability of mind and includes schizophrenia;<br /> (b) the
expression "psychopathic disorder" means a persistent disorder or
disability of mind (whether or not including sub-normality of
intelligence) which results in abnormally aggressive or seriously
irresponsible conduct on the part of the respondent and whether or not
it requires or is susceptible to medical treatment; or<br /> (f) has been suffering from venereal disease in a communicable form; or<br /> (g) has been suffering from leprosy, the disease not having been contracted from the petitioner; or<br />
(h) has not been heard of as being alive for a period of seven years or
more by those persons who would naturally have heard of the respondent
if the respondent had been alive;<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Explanation- In this sub-section,
the expression "desertion" means desertion of the petitioner by the
other party to the marriage without reasonable cause and without the
consent or against the wish of such party and includes the wilful
neglect of the petitioner by the other party to the marriage, and its
grammatical variations and cognate expressions shall be construed
accordingly.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(1-A) A wife may also present a petitioner for divorce to the District Court on the ground.-</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (i) that her husband has, since the solemnization of the marriage, been guilty of rape, sodomy or bestiality;</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(ii) that in a suit under Sec. 18 of the Hindus Adoptions and
Maintenance Act, 1956 (78 of 1956), or in a proceeding under Sec. 125 of
the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), or under the
corresponding Sec. 488 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 (5 of
1898), a decree or order, as the case may be, has been passed against
the husband awarding maintenance to the wife notwithstanding that she
was living apart and that since the passing of such decree or order,
cohabitation between the parties has not been resumed for one year or
upwards.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) Subject to the provisions of the Act and to the
Rules made thereunder, either party to a marriage, whether solemnized
before or after the commencement of the Special Marriage (Amendment)
Act, 1970, may present a petition for divorce to the District Court on
the ground-</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (i) that there has been no resumption of cohabitation
as between the parties to the marriage for a period of one year or
upwards after the passing of a decree for judicial separation in a
proceeding to which they were parties; or</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (ii) that there has
been no restitution of conjugal rights as between the parties to the
marriage for a period of one year or upwards after the passing of a
decree for restitution of conjugal rights in a proceeding to which they
were parties.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">27-A. Alternate relief in divorce proceedings- In
any proceeding under this Act, on a petition for a dissolution of
marriage by a decree of divorce, except in so far as the petition is
founded on the ground mentioned in Cl. (h) of sub-section (1) of Sec.
27, the Court may, if it considers it just so to do, having regard to
the circumstances of the case, pass instead a decree for judicial
separation.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 28. Divorce by mutual consent<br /> (1) Subject
to the provisions of this Act and to the rules made thereunder, a
petition for divorce may be presented to the District Court by both the
parties together on the ground that they have been living separately for
a period of one year or more, that they have not been able to live
together and that they have mutually agreed that the marriage should be
dissolved.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) On the motion of both the parties made not earlier
than six months after the date of the presentation of the petition
referred to in sub-section (1) and not later than eighteen months after
the said date, if the petition is not withdrawn in the meantime, the
District Court shall, on being satisfied, after hearing the parties and
after making such inquiry as it thinks fit, that a marriage has been
solemnized under this Act and that the avertments in the petition are
true, pass a decree declaring the marriage to be dissolved with effect
from the date of the decree.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 29. Restriction on petitions for divorce during first three years after marriage<br />
Section (1) No petition for divorce shall be presented to the District
Court unless at the date of the presentation of the petition one year
has passed since the date of entering the certificate of marriage in the
Marriage Certificate Book:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Provided that the District Court may,
upon application being made to it allow a petition to be presented
before one year has passed on the ground that the case is one of
exceptional hardship suffered by the petitioner or of exceptional
depravity on the part of the respondent, but if it appears to the
District Court at the hearing of the Petition that the petitioner
obtained leave to present the petition by any misrepresentation or
concealment of the nature of the case, the District Court may, if it
pronounces a decree, do so subject to the condition that the decree
shall not have effect until after the expiry of one year from the date
of the marriage or may dismiss the petition, without prejudice to any
petition, which may be brought after the expiration of the said one year
upon the same or substantially the same facts, as those proved in
support of the petition so dismissed. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(2) In disposing of any
application under this section for leave to present a petition for
divorce before the expiration of one year from the date of the marriage,
the District Court shall have regard to the interests of any children
of the marriage, and to the question whether there is a reasonable
probability of a reconciliation between the parties before the
expiration of the said one year.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">30. Re-marriage of divorced
persons- Where a marriage has been dissolved by a decree of divorce, and
either there is no right of appeal against the decree or if there is
such a right of appeal, the time for appealing has expired without an
appeal having been presented or an appeal has been presented but has
been dismissed, either party to the marriage may marry again.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">CHAPTER VII<br /> Jurisdiction and Procedure<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">31. Court to which petition should be made.- (1) Every petition under
Chapter V or Chapter VI shall be presented to the District Court within
the local limits of whose original civil jurisdiction-</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (i) the marriage was solemnized; or</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (ii)the respondent, at the time of the presentation of the petition resides; or</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (iii) the parties to the marriage last resided together; or </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(iv) the petitioner is residing at the time of the presentation of the
petition, in a case where the respondent is, at that time, residing
outside the territories to which this Act extends or has not been heard
of as being alive for a period of seven years by those who would
naturally have heard of him if he was alive.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(2) Without
prejudice to any jurisdiction exercisable by the Court under sub-section
(1), the District Court may, by virtue of this sub-section, entertain a
petition by a wife domiciled in the territories to which this Act
extends for nullity of marriage or for divorce if she is resident in the
said territories and has been ordinarily resident , therein for a
period of three years immediately preceding the presentation of the
petition and the husband is not resident in the said territories.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">32. Contents and verification of petitions.- (1) Every petition under
Chapter V or Chapter VI shall state, as distinctly as the nature of the
case permits, the facts on which the claim to relief is founded and
shall also state that there is no collusion between the petitioner and
the other party to the marriage.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) The statements contained in
every such petition shall be verified by the petitioner or some other
competent person in the manner required by law for the verification of
plaints and may, at the hearing, be referred to as evidence.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">33.
Proceedings to be in camera and may not be printed or published.- (1)
Every proceeding under this Act shall be conducted in camera and it
shall not be lawful for any person to print or publish any matter in
relation to any such proceeding except a judgment of the High Court or
of the Supreme Court printed or published with the previous permission
of the Court.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) If any person prints or publishes any matter in
contravention of the provisions contained in sub-section (1), he shall
be punishable with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">34. Duty of Court in passing decrees.-(1) In any proceeding under
Chapter V or Chapter VI, whether defended or not, if the Court if
satisfied that,-</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (a) any of the grounds for granting relief exists; and</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(b) where the petition is founded on the ground specified in Cl.(a) of
sub-section (1) of </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Sec. 27, the petitioner has not in any manner been
accessory to or connived at or condoned the act of sexual intercourse
referred to therein or where the ground of the petition is cruelty, the
petitioner has not in any manner condoned the cruelty; and </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (c)
when divorce is sought on the ground of mutual consent, such consent has
not been obtained by force, fraud or undue influence; and</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (d) the petition is not presented or prosecuted in collusion with the respondent; and</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (e) there has not been any unnecessary or improper delay in instituting the proceedings; and</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(f) there is no other legal ground why the relief should not be
granted; then, and in such a case, but not otherwise, the Court shall
decree such relief accordingly.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(2) Before proceeding to grant
any relief under this Act it shall be the duty of the Court in the first
instance, in every case where it is possible so to do consistently with
the nature and circumstances of the case, to make every endeavour to
bring about a reconciliation between the parties :</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Provided that
nothing contained in this sub-section shall apply to any proceeding
wherein relief is sought on any of the grounds specified in Cls.(c),
(e), (f), (g) and (h) of sub-section (1) of Sec.27.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(3) For the
purpose of aiding the Court in bringing about such reconciliation, the
Court may, if the parties so desire or if the Court thinks it just and
proper so to do, adjourn the proceedings for a reasonable period not
exceeding fifteen days, and refer the matter to any person named by the
parties in this behalf or to any person nominated by the Court if the
parties fail to name any person, with directions to report to the Court
as to whether reconciliation can be and has been effected and the Court
shall in disposing of the proceeding have due regard to the report.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(4) In every case where a marriage is dissolved by a decree of divorce,
the Court passing the decree shall give a copy thereof free of cost to
each of the parties.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">35. Relief for respondent in divorce and
other proceedings.-- In any proceeding for divorce or judicial
separation or restitution of conjugal rights, the respondent may not
only oppose the relief sought on the ground of petitioner's adultery,
cruelty or desertion, but also make counter-claim for any relief under
this Act on that ground, and if the petitioner's adultery, cruelty or
desertion is proved, the Court may give to the respondent any relief
under this Act to which he or she would have been entitled if he or she
had presented a petition seeking such relief on that ground.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 36. Alimony pendente lite<br />
Where in any proceeding under Chapter V or Chapter VI it appears to the
District Court that the wife has no independent income sufficient for
her support and the necessary expenses of the proceeding, it may, on the
application of the wife, order the husband to pay to her the expenses
of the proceeding, and weekly or monthly during the proceeding such sum
as having regard to the husband's income, it may seem to the Court to be
reasonable.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 37. Permanent alimony and maintenance<br />
(1) Any Court exercising jurisdiction under Chapter V or Chapter VI may,
at the time of passing any decree or at any time subsequent to the
decree, on application made to it for the purpose, order that the
husband shall secure to the wife for her maintenance and support, if
necessary, by a charge on the husband's property, such gross sum or such
monthly or periodical payment of money for a term not exceeding her
life, as having regard to her own property, if any, her husband's
property and ability, the conduct of the parties and other circumstances
of the case it may seem to the Court to be just.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) If the
District Court is satisfied that there is a change in the circumstances
of either party at any time after it has made an order under sub-section
(1), it may at the instance of either party, vary, modify or rescind
any such order in such manner as it may seem to the Court to be just.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(3) If the District Court is satisfied that the wife in whose favour an
order has been made under this section has remarried or is not leading a
chaste life, it may, at the instance of the husband vary, modify or
rescind any such order and in such manner as the Court may deem just.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 38. Custody of children.<br />
In any proceeding under Chapter V or Chapter VI the District Court may,
from time to time, pass such interim orders and make such provisions in
the decree as it may seem to it to be just and proper with respect to
the custody, maintenance and education of minor children, consistently
with their wishes wherever possible, and may, after the decree, upon
application by petition for the purpose, make, revoke, suspend or vary,
from time to time, all such orders and provisions with respect to the
custody, maintenance and education of such children as might have been
made by such decree or interim orders in case the proceeding for
obtaining such decree were still pending.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">39. Appeals from
decrees and orders.--(1) All decrees made by the Court in any proceeding
under Chapter V or Chapter VI shall, subject to the provisions of
sub-section (3), be appealable as decrees of the Court made in the
exercise of its original civil jurisdiction, and such appeal shall lie
to the Court to which appeals ordinarily lie from the decisions of the
Court given in the exercise of its original civil jurisdiction.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(2) Orders made by the Court in any proceeding under this Act under
Sec.37 or Sec.38 shall subject to the provisions of Sub-section (3), be
appealable if they are not interim orders, and every such appeal shall
lie to the Court to which appeals ordinarily lie from the decisions of
the Court given in the exercise of its original civil jurisdiction.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (3) There shall be no appeal under this section on the subject of the costs only.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (4) Every appeal under this section shall be preferred within a period of thirty days from the date of the decree or order.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">39-A. Enforcement of decrees and orders.-- All decrees and orders made
by the Court in any proceeding under Chapter V or Chapter VI shall be
enforced in the like manner as the decrees and orders of the Court made
in the exercise of its original civil jurisdiction for the time being
are enforced.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">40. Application of Act 5 of 1908.-- Subject to the
other provisions contained in this Act, and to such rules as the High
Court may make in this behalf, all proceedings under this Act shall be
regulated, as far as may be, by the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">40-A. Power to transfer petitions in certain cases.--(1) Where--</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(a) a petition under this Act has been presented to the District Court
having jurisdiction by a party to the marriage praying for a decree for
judicial separation under Sec.23 or for a decree of divorce under
Sec.27, and</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (b) another petition under this act has been
presented thereafter by the other party to the marriage praying for
decree for judicial separation under Sec.23, or for decree of divorce
under Sec.27 on any ground whether in the same District Court or in a
different District Court, in the same State or in a different State.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> the petition shall be dealt with as specified in sub-section (2).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) In a case where sub-section (1) applies.--</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(a) if the petitions are presented to the same District Court, both the
petitions shall be tried and heard together by that District Court :</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(b) if the petitions are presented to different District Courts the
petition presented later shall be transferred to the District Court in
which the earlier petition was presented and both the petitions shall be
heard and disposed of together by the District Court in which the
earlier petition was presented.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(3) In a case where Cl. (b) of
sub-section (2) applies, the Court or the Government, as the case may
be, competent under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), to
transfer any suit or proceeding from the District Court in which the
later petition has been presented to the District Court in which the
earlier petition is pending shall exercise its powers to transfer such
later petition as if it had been empowered so to do under the said Code.
</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">40-B. Special provision relating to trial and disposal of
petitions under the Act.-(1) The trial of a petition under this Act
shall so far as is practicable consistently with the interests of
justice in respect of the trial, be continued from day to day until its
conclusion, unless the Court finds the adjournment of the trial beyond
the following day to be necessary for reasons to be recorded.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2)
Every petition under this Act shall be tried as expeditiously as
possible and endeavour shall be made to conclude the trial within six
months from the date of service of notice of the petition on the
respondent.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (3) Every appeal under this Act shall be heard as
expeditiously as possible, and endeavour shall be made to conclude the
hearing within three months from the date of service of notice of appeal
on the respondent.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">40-C. Documentary evidence.-- Notwithstanding
anything contained in any enactment to the contrary, no document shall
be inadmissible in evidence in any proceeding at the trial of a petition
under this Act on the ground that it is not duly stamped or registered.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">41. Power of High Court to make rules regulating procedure.--(1) The
High Court shall, by notification in the Official Gazette, make such
rules consistent with the provisions contained in this Act and the Code
of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), as it may consider expedient for
the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of Chapters V, VI and
VII.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, such rules shall provide for.--</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(a) the impleading by the petitioner of the adulterer as a
co-respondent on a petition for divorce on the ground of adultery, and
the circumstances in which the petitioner may be excused from doing so:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (b) the awarding of damages against any such co-respondent,</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (c) the intervention in any proceeding under Chapter V or Chapter VI by any person not already a party thereto :</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(d) the form and contents of petitions for nullity of marriage or for
divorce and the payment of costs incurred by parties to such petitions ;
and</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (e) any other matter for which no provision or no sufficient
provision is made in this Act, and for which provision is made in the
Indian Divorce Act, 1869 (4 of 1869).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">42. Saving.-- Nothing
contained in this Act shall affect the validity of any marriage not
solemnized under its provisions; not shall this Act be deemed directly
or indirectly to affect the validity of any mode of contracting
marriage.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section Penalty on married person marrying again under this Act.<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Save as otherwise provided in Chapter III, every person who, being at
the time married procures a marriage of himself or herself to be
solemnized under this Act shall be deemed to have committed an offence
under Sec. 494 or Sec. 495 of the Indian Penal Code 1860 (45 of 1860),
as the case may be, and the marriage so solemnized shall be void.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Section 33. Punishment of bigamy<br /> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Every person whose marriage is solemnized under this Act and who,
during the lifetime of his or her wife or husband, contracts any other
marriage shall be subject to the penalties provided in Secs.494 and 495
of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (45 of 1860) for the offence of marrying
again during the lifetime of a husband of wife, and the marriage so
contracted shall be void.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section Penalty for signing false declaration or certificate<br />
Every person making, signing or attesting any declaration or
certificate required by or under this Act containing a statement which
is false and which he either knows or believes to be false or does not
believe to be true shall be guilty of the offence described in Sec.199
of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (45 of 1860).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Section 46. Penalty for wrongful action of Marriage Officer<br /> Any Marriage Officer who knowingly and willfully solemnizes a marriage under this Act,--</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (1) without publishing a notice regarding such marriage as required by Sec.5 ; or</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) within thirty days of the publication of the notice such marriage; or</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(3) in contravention of any other provision contained in this Act,
shall be punishable with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend
to one year, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or
with both.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">47. Marriage Certificate Book to be open to
inspection--(1) The Marriage Certificate Book kept under this Act shall
at all reasonable times be open for inspection and shall be admissible
as evidence of the statements therein contained.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) Certified
extracts from the Marriage Certificate Book shall, on application, be
given by the Marriage Officer to the applicant on payment by him of the
prescribed fee.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">48. Transmission of copies of entries in marriage records.<br />
Every Marriage Officer in a State shall send to Registrar-General of
Births, Deaths and Marriages of that State at such intervals and in such
form as may be prescribed, a true copy of all entries made by him in
the Marriage Certificate Book since the last of such intervals, and in
the case of Marriage Officers outside the territories to which this Act
extends, the true copy shall be sent to such authority as the Central
Government may specify in this behalf.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">49. Correction of
errors.--(1) Any Marriage Officer who discovers any error in the form or
substance of any entry in the Marriage Certificate Book may, within one
month next after the discovery of such error, in the presence of the
persons married, or in case of their death or absence, in the presence
of two other credible witnesses, correct the error by entry in the
margin without any alteration of the original entry and shall sign the
marginal entry and add thereto the date of such correction and the
Marriage Officer shall make the like marginal entry in the certificate
thereof.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(2) Every correction made under this section shall be attested by the witnesses in whose presence it was made.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(3) Where a copy of any entry has already been sent under Sec. 48 to
the Registrar-General or other authority the Marriage Officer shall make
and send in the like manner a separate certificate of the original
erroneous entry and of the marginal corrections therein made.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">50.
Power to make rules.--(1) The Central Government, in the case of
officers of the Central Government, and the State Government, in all
other cases, may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules
for carrying out the purposes of this Act.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (2) In particular, and
without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules
may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (a) the duties and powers of Marriage Officers and the areas in which they may exercise jurisdiction;</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (b) the manner in which a Marriage Officer may hold inquiries under this Act and the procedure therefore:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (c) the form and manner in which any books required by or under this Act shall be maintained:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (d) the fees that may be levied for the performance of any duty imposed upon a Marriage Officer under this Act;</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (e) the manner in which public notice shall be given under Sec. 16:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(f) the form in which, and the intervals within which, copies of
entries in the Marriage Certificate Book shall be sent in pursuance of
Sec.48:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (g) any other matter which may be or requires to be prescribed.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(3) Every rule made by the Central Government under this Act shall be
laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of
Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days
which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive
sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following
the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in
making any modification in the rule or both Houses agree that the rule
should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such
modified form, or be of no effect as the case may be; so, however, that
any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the
validity of anything previously done under that rule.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(4) Every rule made by the State Government under this Act shall be laid, as soon as it is made, before the State Legislature.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">51. Repeals and savings.-(1) The Special Marriage Act, 1872 (3 of
1872), and any law corresponding to the Special Marriage Act, 1872, in
force in any Part B State immediately before the commencement of this
Act are hereby repealed.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(2) Notwithstanding such repeal</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
(a) all marriages duly solemnized under Special Marriage Act, 1872 (3 of
1872) or any such corresponding law shall be deemed to have been
solemnized under this Act:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> (b) all suits and proceeding in causes
and matters matrimonial which, when this Act comes into operation, are
pending in any Court shall be dealt with and decided by such Court, so
far as may be, as if they had been originally instituted therein under
this Act.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">(3) The provisions of sub-section (2) shall be without
prejudice to the provisions contained in Sec. 6 of the General Clauses
Act, 1897 (10 of 1897) which shall also apply to the repeal of the
corresponding law as if such corresponding law had been an enactment.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> THE FIRST SCHEDULE<br /> (See Sec.2 (b))<br /> Degree of Prohibited Relationship</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 1. Mother</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 2. Father's widow (step-mother)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 3. Mother's mother</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 4. Mother's father's widow (step grand-mother)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 5. Mother's mother's mother</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 6. Mother's mother's father's widow (step-great-grandmother)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 7. Mother's father's mother</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 8. Mother's father's father's widow (step-great-grandmother)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 9. Father's mother</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 10. Father's father's widow (step-grandmother)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 11. Father's mother's mother</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 12. Father's mother's father's widow (step-great-grandmother)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 13. Father's father's mother</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 14. Father's father's father's widow (step-great-grandmother)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 15. Daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 16. Son's widow</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 17. Daughter's daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 18. Daughter's son's widow</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 19. Son's daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 20. Son's son's widow</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 21. Daughter's daughter's daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 22. Daughter's daughter's son's widow</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 23. Daughter's son's daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 24. Daughter's son's son's widow</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 25. Son's daughter's daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 26. Son's daughter's son's widow</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 27. Son's son's daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 28. Son's son's son's widow</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 29. Sister</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 30. Sister's daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 31. Brother's daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 32. Mother's sister</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 33.Father's sister</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 34. Father's brother's daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 35. Father's sister's daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 36. Mother's sister's-daughter</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 37. Mother's brother's daughter</span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Explanation.- For the purposes of this Part, the expression "widow" includes a divorced wife.</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> PART II</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 1. Father</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 2. Mother's husband (step-father)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 3. Father's father</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 4. Father's mother's husband (step-grandmother)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 5. Father's father's father</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 6. Father's father's mother's husband (step-great-grandfather)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 7. Father's mother's father</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 8. Father's mother's mother's husband (step-great-grandfather)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 9. Mother's father</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 10. Mother's mother's husband (step-grandfather)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 11. Mother's father's father</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 12. Mother's father's mother's husband (step-great-grandfather)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 13. Mother's mother's father</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 14. Mother's mother's mother's husband(step-great-grandfather)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 15. Son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 16. Daughter's husband</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 17. Son's son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 18. Son's daughter's husband</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 19. Daughter's son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 20. Daughter's daughter's husband</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 21. Son's son's son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 22. Son's son's daughter's husband</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 23. Son's daughter's son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 24. Son's daughter's daughter's husband</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 25. Daughter's son's son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 26. Daughter's son's daughter's husband</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 27. Daughter's daughter's son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 28. Daughter's daughter's daughter's husband</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 29. Brother</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 30. Brother's son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 31. Sister's son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 32. Mother's brother</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 33. Father's brother</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 34. Father's brother's son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 35. Father's sister's son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 36. Mother's sister's son</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> 37. Mother's brother's son</span></blockquote>
</blockquote>
</div>
<div class="clearfix _5ybo _2zfm _5yhh" style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="_1rzm rfloat _ohf">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span id="u_0_v"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="_1rzm rfloat _ohf">
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Ozg Experts & Lawyers</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-36903100012381668082015-08-13T01:22:00.003-07:002015-08-13T01:22:57.091-07:00What rights does a Hindu child, who is born to persons whose marriage is declared void or voidable have under the Hindu Marriage Act?<div class="_5pbx userContent" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}">
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Such
a child is considered legitimate regardless of the status of the
parent's marriage, if the marriage was performed according to Hindu
rites under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 or was a civil marriage under
the Special Marriage Act, 1954. Such a child may inherit the property of
his parents. However, he/she does not acquire rights in relation to
joint family or ancestral property.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Ozg Experts & Lawyers</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-75437729533669987072015-08-13T01:20:00.004-07:002015-08-13T01:20:45.559-07:00 If a Hindu wishes to marry a person who is not a Hindu, under what law can they do so?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="_5pbx userContent" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
If the couple wishes to have a religious marriage governed by Hindu
law, then the non-Hindu partner must convert to Hinduism. If the
non-Hindu partner is a Christian then it is also possible for the couple
to marry according to Christian rites under the Indian Christian
Marriage Act, 1872. Christian Personal Law then governs the marriage.
The third option, in some ways the simplest, is to have a civil marriage
under the Special Marriage Act which facilitates marriages between any
two people, including members of any two religious communities. It does
not involve conversion and also permits people to avoid various
complications that arise from marriages under various religion-based
personal laws.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Ozg Experts & Lawyers</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-39651844045784561572015-08-13T01:19:00.000-07:002015-08-13T01:19:03.133-07:00What options are open to a woman whose husband marries someone else while still married to her? Is that bigamy?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Yes, marrying again during the lifetime of one's wife or husband is
known as bigamy. It is a criminal offence, punishable with imprisonment
and fine. A bigamous marriage is void, a complete nullity. If a woman has prima facie evidence that she is
lawfully married to a man who is about to or has remarried, she can
register a criminal com<span class="text_exposed_show">plaint and the
police are expected to stop him from getting remarried. If a wife learns
that her husband is going to marry again she can get an injunction from
the court forbidding the marriage before it occurs. After it has taken
place, a wife can ask the court for a "declaration" that the second or
bigamous marriage is null and void. Proving bigamy, however, is not
easy. The complainant wife has to prove that both the marriages, her own
as well as the second bigamous one, have been performed properly
according to the appropriate ceremonies. Most prosecutions for bigamy
fail because the complainant does not have the proof of the bigamous
marriage. The accused husband can usually successfully claim against all
efforts to prove the contrary that essential parts of the ceremony were
never carried out and escape punishment.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span class="text_exposed_show"> </span></span><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Ozg Experts & Lawyers</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-7408218945067183922015-08-13T01:16:00.001-07:002015-08-13T01:16:02.700-07:00How to register a Hindu Marriage?<div class="_5pbx userContent" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
The registration of Hindu marriages is not compulsory. However,
registration of one's marriage provides proof of it for legal purposes
and therefore we highly recommend it for women as a safety measure. A
Hindu marriage register is found in the Office of the Registrar of
Marriages, usually located in District or Divisional court compounds.
The Registrar is normally some type of magistrate. A Hindu marriage can
also be registered under the Special Marriage Act, 1954 if both parties
so desire. If that is done, the marriage is treated as a civil marriage
governed by that Act from the date of registration.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Ozg Experts & Lawyers</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-31703019164591769432015-08-13T01:13:00.004-07:002015-08-13T01:13:54.021-07:00If a woman is being forced to marry against her will, what remedy does she have?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
A woman can seek the help of the police to help her stop her marriage
if she is being forced to marry against her will. However, given the
level of mistrust that prevails in our society vis-à-vis the police,
such an intervention can boomerang on the woman and may lead to more
trouble. In such situations, social pressure applied judiciously might
work better on her parents as opposed to legal inte<span class="text_exposed_show">rventions.
A young woman being forced to marry against her will by her parents
should first try to identify and approach influential people within her
own community or extended family who have the moral clout to influence
her parent's decision. Alternatively, sympathetic teachers or respected
social workers in the area could also be approached for help. However,
these social interventions are outside the realm of legal rights and in
extreme cases where social pressure does not work, police help may be
sought.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span class="text_exposed_show"> </span></span><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Ozg Experts & Lawyers</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-87879175670652501752015-08-13T01:12:00.002-07:002015-08-13T01:12:29.982-07:00If a woman has been forced into a marriage, is such a marriage void or voidable? What if a fraud has been played on her?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Such marriages are voidable. If the consent of the complaining party
has been obtained by force or by fraud relating to the nature of the
ceremony performed or to any significant fact or circumstance concerning
the opposing party, the marriage can be voided. However, a petition for
annulment in such a case must be presented within one year after the
force c<span class="text_exposed_show">eased to operate or the fraud has
been discovered. Most important of all, the petitioner or complaining
party should not have lived willingly with the other after the end of
the force or after discovering the fraud. A marriage is also voidable if
it can be proven that the wife was pregnant at the time of marriage by
another man. In this situation the husband must file his petition within
one year of the date of the marriage.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span class="text_exposed_show"> </span></span><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Ozg Experts & Lawyers</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-15510041545476618722015-08-13T01:10:00.001-07:002015-08-13T01:10:31.343-07:00What is the remedy if a woman has been married off before she turned 18?<div class="_5pbx userContent" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
A woman whose marriage was performed when she was under 15 years of age
can reject the marriage, or "repudiate" it and get a divorce on that
ground alone. She can only take the step after turning 15, but before
turning 18. However, by doing so she loses the right to maintenance or
alimony which a divorced woman can claim legally.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Ozg Experts & Lawyers</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span></div>
</div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-67091476138699686202015-08-13T01:08:00.003-07:002015-08-13T01:08:36.017-07:00In three situations such a marriage is said to be void, which means that it is invalid, as if it never took place:<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> If one of the parties to the marriage has a living husband or wife; or </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> If the parties are within the prohibited degrees of relationship; or</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> If they are sapindas of each other. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
If the conditions regarding valid consent have not been fulfilled, the
resulting marriage is void. That means that the party wishing to
challenge it can approach the court for a decree of nullity. Once such a
decree is passed, the marriage would have no legal force whatsoever.
For example, if after the solemnization of the marriage it is found that
the groom could not have given his valid consent because of the
unsoundness of his mind, the woman can get the marriage nullified
through the court. Naturally, the court must be satisfied with the proof
of mental disorder and unsoundness of mind claim. If voidable marriages
are not challenged in court, they remain valid for all legal purposes.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="color: #666666;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Ozg Experts & Lawyers</b></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
<br /><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-3729174951481466992015-08-13T01:04:00.003-07:002015-08-13T01:04:44.039-07:00 What conditions do persons wishing to marry have to fulfill before a proper Hindu marriage can be solemnized?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"></span><br /><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
Neither bride nor groom should already be married or have a living
husband or wife. A divorced person, a widow or widower is free to
remarry;</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Both should have reached the minimum age for marriage: 18 years in case of the bride and 21 in case of the groom;</span></div>
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Apart from being able to give their voluntary consent to the
marriage, both must also be free of any mental disorder which could make
them unfit for marriage;</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> The bride and groom should not be
within the "prohibited degrees of relationship" nor should they be
"sapindas"1 of each other (these expressions are explained in detail in
s.3 (f) and 3(g) of the Hindu Marriage Act). This rule does not apply if
it can be established that a custom or usage is applicable to each
permitting marriage between the two. Significantly, the rule does apply
when the relationship is based on adoption.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-54307621929468282622015-08-13T01:02:00.004-07:002015-08-13T01:02:52.336-07:00Is it possible for Hindus to marry without undergoing Hindu marriage rituals and still remain Hindu for other aspects of the law?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Yes.
Hindus can opt for a civil marriage, often incorrectly referred to as a
"court marriage," under the Special Marriage Act, 1954. Provisions in
the Act govern civil marriages and require no religious ritual or
ceremony of any kind. The necessary requirement is that the persons
intending to marry inform the marriage officer of the district in whi<span class="text_exposed_show">ch
at least one of them lives. The marriage officer then posts the
information on a public notice board and keeps it up for 30 days. During
those 30 days, any person can object to the marriage on grounds such as
the intended bride is under age or that she is too closely related to
the bridegroom or that she has been married before. If no valid
objections are received, the couple signs a declaration in the marriage
office in the presence of three witnesses. The marriage officer then
issues a certificate of marriage to the couple as proof of the marriage.
The Special Marriage Act, in S.21-A clearly states that if a special or
civil marriage takes place between two persons both of whom are Hindus,
Buddhist, Sikh or Jain, such persons continue to be governed by other
aspects of Hindu personal law, such as the law relating to succession.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span class="text_exposed_show"> </span></span><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-10982830482964922622015-08-13T01:01:00.001-07:002015-08-13T01:01:20.466-07:00What is a proper or valid Hindu marriage?<div class="_5pbx userContent" data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
Since in India various communities have different customs and
ceremonies, the law says that a marriage can be performed or
"solemnised" according to the customary rituals and ceremonies of the
community to which either the bride or the groom belongs. It is very
important to understand that the rituals and ceremonies carried out must
be recognised and accepted by the community concerned as being the
proper ones for formalising a marriage. For example, the law makes it
very clear that in a Hindu marriage, where the ceremony includes the
saptpadi, the ritual of circling the sacred fire seven times, the
ceremony becomes complete and the marriage binding when the seventh
round is completed.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #38761d;">Email:</span> </b>hindu.marriage@ozg.co.in</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>W:</b></span> <a href="http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in/">http://hindumarriagelaw.ozg.in</a></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-38989198574503268092015-08-13T00:55:00.000-07:002015-08-13T00:55:25.199-07:00Marriage Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2010<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Based on recommendations of the Law Commission, a legislation was
proposed. The Marriage Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2010 to amend the Hindu
Marriage Act, 1955 and the Special Marriage Act, 1954 to making divorce
easier on ground of irretrievable breakdown of marriage was introduced
in the parliament in 2012. The Bill replaces the words "not earlier than
six months" in Section 13-B with the words "Upon receipt of a
petition."</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> It also provides a<span class="text_exposed_show">
better safeguard to wife by inserting section 13D by which the wife may
oppose the grant of a decree on the ground that the dissolution of the
marriage will result in grave financial hardship to her and that it
would in all the circumstances be wrong to dissolve the marriage.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="text_exposed_show" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
New section 13E provides restriction on decree for divorce affecting
children born out of wedlock and states that a court shall not pass a
decree of divorce under section 13C unless the court is satisfied that
adequate provision for the maintenance of children born out of the
marriage has been made consistently with the financial capacity of the
parties to the marriage.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> Marriage Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2010
makes similar amendments to the Special Marriage Act, 1954 by replaces
the words "not earlier than six months" in Section 28 with the words
"Upon receipt of a petition." and provides restriction on decree for
divorce affecting children born out of wedlock.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> However, there
was strong opposition to this bill due to the objection that it will
create hardships for women and that the bill strongly supports one party
while both parties should be treated equal in divorce. Therefore, the
bill was amended to provide for wife's consent for waiver of six-month
notice with the words "Upon receipt of petitions by the husband and the
wife."</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"> The Bill was passed passed by the Rajya Sabha in 2013, though it was not passed in the Lok Sabha.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4112823513335107968.post-59475698693948711642015-08-13T00:28:00.003-07:002015-08-13T00:55:54.045-07:00Marital Rape in Hindu Marriage Law<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The importance of consent for every individual decision cannot be
over emphasized. A woman can protect her right to life and liberty, but
not her body, within her marriage, which is just ironical. Women so far
have had recourse only to section 498-A of the IPC, dealing with
cruelty, to protect themselves against “perverse sexual conduct by the
husband”. But, where is the standard of measure or interpretation for
the courts, of ‘perversion’ or ‘unnatural’, the definitions with<span class="text_exposed_show">in
intimate spousal relations? Is excessive demand for sex perverse? Isn’t
consent a sine qua non? Is marriage a license to rape? There is no
answer, because the judiciary and the legislature have been silent.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="text_exposed_show" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> The 172nd Law Commission report had made the following recommendations for substantial change in the law with regard to rape.</span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> ‘Rape’ should be replaced by the term ‘sexual assault’.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
‘Sexual intercourse as contained in section 375 of IPC should
include all forms of penetration such as penile/vaginal, penile/oral,
finger/vaginal, finger/anal and object/vaginal.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> In the light
of Sakshi v. Union of India and Others [2004 (5) SCC 518], ‘sexual
assault on any part of the body should be construed as rape.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Rape laws should be made gender neutral as custodial rape of young boys has been neglected by law.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> A new offence, namely section 376E with the title ‘unlawful sexual conduct’ should be created.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
Section 509 of the IPC was also sought to be amended, providing
higher punishment where the offence set out in the said section is
committed with sexual intent.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Marital rape: explanation (2)
of section 375 of IPC should be deleted. Forced sexual intercourse by a
husband with his wife should be treated equally as an offence just as
any physical violence by a husband against the wife is treated as an
offence. On the same reasoning, section 376 A was to be deleted.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">
Under the Indian Evidence Act (IEA), when alleged that a victim
consented to the sexual act and it is denied, the court shall presume it
to be so.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span><div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">Hindu Marriage Law</span></b></span></span></div>
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